{"id":1133,"date":"2009-02-22T08:46:22","date_gmt":"2009-02-22T08:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2009\/02\/22\/pour-commencer\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T11:23:55","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T11:23:55","slug":"pour-commencer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2009\/02\/22\/pour-commencer\/","title":{"rendered":"Pour commencer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire significativement les \u00e9missions de CO2, il faut \u00e9liminer les centrales \u00e9lectriques au charbon ou au lignite"},"content":{"rendered":"

                      Les activit\u00e9s humaines dans le monde g\u00e9n\u00e8rent chaque ann\u00e9e 30 milliards de tonnes de CO2. Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de ces \u00e9missions sont issues de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 par les centrales thermiques \u00e0 flamme (FIG.).  La r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO2 doit donc se focaliser en priorit\u00e9 sur la politique de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique. Or, c’est exactement ce que l’Europe ne fait pas<\/u>: le sujet, pour des questions \u00e9lectorales allemandes, est tabou.<\/p>\n

.\"Missionsmonderpart\"<\/a><\/p>\n

               Quelques chiffres pour \u00e9viter les terribles erreurs d’ordre de grandeur<\/u>:<\/p>\n

-L’Europe \u00e9met chaque ann\u00e9e 4,3 milliards de tonnes de CO2<\/u>, elle appara\u00eet en troisi\u00e8me position dans le TOP 5 apr\u00e8s l’Asie (10 milliards de tonnes dont 7 pour la Chine), l’Am\u00e9rique du Nord (7 milliards de tonnes dont 6 pour les Etats-Unis) et devant la Russie et se satellites (2,4 milliards de tonnes) suivis de l’OCDE Asie (Japon-Cor\u00e9e) avec 1,9 milliards de tonnes (FIG.II).<\/p>\n

. \"Missionsmonderpartgeograph\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

-Une centrale \u00e9lectrique au charbon ou au lignite \u00e9met en moyenne un million de tonnes de CO2 par TWh<\/u>. Les plus polluantes peuvent atteindre 1,4 million de tonnes.<\/p>\n

-Annuellement une centrale de 1500 MW au charbon avec un taux de charge autour de 80% \u00e9met entre 10 et 11 millions de tonnes de CO2.<\/p>\n

-Une centrale au gaz \u00e0 cycle combin\u00e9 \u00e9met 0,36 MT de CO2 par TWh soit le tiers d’une centrale au charbon.<\/p>\n

-Un champ de 250 \u00e9oliennes de 2 MW, avec un taux de charge de 25%, g\u00e9n\u00e8re annuellement 1.1 TWh. Il permet donc d’\u00e9conomiser 1.1 x 0,36 = 0,4  million de tonnes de CO2 qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par la centrale au gaz coupl\u00e9e avec le champ d’\u00e9oliennes.<\/p>\n

-Les trente centrales \u00e9lectriques<\/u> les plus polluantes d’Europe (LIRE<\/a>) g\u00e9n\u00e8rent 400 TWh d’\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique, sur un total de 1800 TWh d’origines thermique, elles produisent annuellement 400 millions de tonnes de CO2, soit 10 % environ des \u00e9missions europ\u00e9ennes.<\/u><\/p>\n

                       Le constat est \u00e9vident: si l’Europe veut r\u00e9duire de 10% ses \u00e9missions de CO2, il faut IMPERATIVEMENT qu’elle s’attaque \u00e0 l’\u00e9limination de dizaines de ses centrales \u00e9lectriques les plus polluantes, aliment\u00e9es au lignite ou au charbon.<\/p>\n

                        Les solutions techniques de remplacement existent, ce sont soit des centrales au gaz coupl\u00e9es avec des \u00e9nergies solaires ou \u00e9oliennes, soit des centrales nucl\u00e9aires. Plus tard il sera possible de revenir au charbon, coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 la biomasse, dans des centrales \u00e0 cycle combin\u00e9 et gaz\u00e9ification int\u00e9gr\u00e9e (IGCC) \u00e9quip\u00e9es de capture et de stockage de CO2. Un programme europ\u00e9en sur 10 ans, quatre ans de pr\u00e9paration et six ans d’ex\u00e9cution, permettrait de d\u00e9manteler la trentaine de centrales les plus polluantes.<\/p>\n

                      Mais pour cela il faut attendre qu’Angela Merkel ait chang\u00e9 de coalition…surr\u00e9aliste!<\/p>\n

Le 22 F\u00e9vrier 2009.<\/p>\n

–<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Les activit\u00e9s humaines dans le monde g\u00e9n\u00e8rent chaque ann\u00e9e 30 milliards de tonnes de CO2. 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