{"id":1306,"date":"2009-01-18T16:08:04","date_gmt":"2009-01-18T16:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2009\/01\/18\/lnergie-photovo\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T11:17:52","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T11:17:52","slug":"lnergie-photovo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2009\/01\/18\/lnergie-photovo\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00e9nergie photovolta\u00efque par concentration: un hybride \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir incertain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/fraunhoferworldrecord1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"185\" alt=\"Fraunhoferworldrecord\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/fraunhoferworldrecord.jpg\" width=\"250\"  \/><\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Entre l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie photovolta\u00efque la plus simple, obtenue par irradiation sous le soleil d&rsquo;un module tapiss\u00e9 de cellules \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de silicium par exemple, et l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie solaire thermique obtenue par concentration des rayons lumineux sur un capteur thermique, un tube de quartz dans lequel circule un liquide caloporteur par exemple (<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/energie-solaire.html_1.png\">LIRE<\/a>), il existe des technologies hybrides qui consistent \u00e0 focaliser des rayons lumineux sur une toute petite surface d&rsquo;une cellule photovolta\u00efque: c&rsquo;est <u>l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie photovolta\u00efque par concentration<\/u>. Cette technique repose sur l&rsquo;existence de cellules solaires complexes \u00e0 multiples jonctions, du type phosphure de gallium et d&rsquo;indium, ars\u00e9niure d&rsquo;indium et de gallium, germanium par exemple, qui ont la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;absorber&nbsp; pratiquement toutes les radiations du spectre solaire et de pr\u00e9senter un rendement de conversion photo\u00e9lectrique de 41,1% pour les meilleures d&rsquo;entre elles, comme celle de 5 mm2 de surface du&nbsp; Fraunhofer Institut Solare allemand (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ise.fraunhofer.de\/press-and-media\/press-releases\/press-releases-2009\/world-record-41.1-efficiency-reached-for-multi-junction-solar-cells-at-fraunhofer-ise\">LIRE<\/a>) qui vient de battre le record du monde.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Ces chiffres sont impressionnants et les laboratoires se battent sur des fractions de pourcent de rendement de conversion sur de petites surfaces de cellules. Mais la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessite une autre fonction: <u>la concentration du rayonnement solaire<\/u> qui \u00e0 ce jour est d&rsquo;environ 500. On va capter le rayonnement solaire sur 500 cm2 pour le focaliser sur une cellule multiples jonctions sophistiqu\u00e9e de 1 cm2 de surface. Cette n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 impose donc au syst\u00e8me de suivre le soleil en coordonn\u00e9es polaires, ou plus exactement \u00e0 corriger la rotation terrestre, tout au long de la journ\u00e9e pour que le rayonnement se focalise tr\u00e8s exactement sur la cellule. Cette contrainte <u>\u00e9limine tout de suite les syst\u00e8mes fixes<\/u> tels que les modules fixes install\u00e9s sur les toits. Cette technologie ne va donc s&rsquo;adresser qu&rsquo;\u00e0 de gros syst\u00e8mes industriels de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie.<a href=\"http:\/\/clabedan.typepad.com\/photos\/uncategorized\/2009\/01\/18\/solfocusconcentrator2mirors.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"201\" alt=\"Solfocusconcentrator2mirors\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/solfocusconcentrator2mirors.jpg\" width=\"250\"  \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/miroirssolfocus2_21.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"223\" alt=\"Miroirssolfocus2_2\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/miroirssolfocus2_2.jpg\" width=\"250\"  \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/miroirssolfocus2.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;La capture du rayonnement et sa focalisation va se faire avec des rendements m\u00e9diocres par unit\u00e9 de surface de module et le rendement de conversion pratique par module va fortement d\u00e9cro\u00eetre. L&rsquo;allemand Concentrix Solar revendique un rendement de 27,2% alors que la californienne SolFocus revendique un rendement de 25%. Le premier utilise des lentilles de Fresnel (FIG du bas) pour focaliser les rayons, la deuxi\u00e8me utilise deux miroirs (FIG.) qui utilisent de fa\u00e7on incompl\u00e8te toute la surface du module.<a href=\"http:\/\/clabedan.typepad.com\/photos\/uncategorized\/2009\/01\/18\/lentillesfresnelconcentrixtexte_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"219\" alt=\"Lentillesfresnelconcentrixtexte_2\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/lentillesfresnelconcentrixtexte_2.jpg\" width=\"389\"  \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/clabedan.typepad.com\/photos\/uncategorized\/2009\/01\/18\/lentillesfresnelconcentrixtexte.jpg\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Des rendements de conversion qui vont \u00eatre 1,5 fois sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux d&rsquo;une rustique solution au silicium polycristallin, \u00e0 la technologie valid\u00e9e et aux co\u00fbts en forte d\u00e9croissance en raison de la banalisation des sources de silicium de plus en plus chinoises et de la courbe d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience. Il n&rsquo;est pas certain que cette technologie hybride par concentration trouve un jour un large cr\u00e9neau commercial d&rsquo;application. On attend les solutions de Wakonda Technologies qui revendique, en d\u00e9veloppement,&nbsp; un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 tr\u00e8s automatis\u00e9 par rouleau transfert de la partie cellule solaire. Il restera cependant la fonction concentration des rayons solaires \u00e0 assurer.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.concentrix-solar.de\/technology\/computer-animation\/?L=1\">VOIR<\/a> une petite animation de Concentrix qui illustre ces propos.<\/p>\n<p>Le 18 Janvier 2009.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Entre l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie photovolta\u00efque la plus simple, obtenue par irradiation sous le soleil d&rsquo;un module tapiss\u00e9 de cellules \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de silicium par exemple, et l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie solaire thermique obtenue par concentration des rayons lumineux sur un capteur thermique, un tube de quartz dans lequel circule un liquide caloporteur par exemple (LIRE), il [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":11548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solaire"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - 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