{"id":211,"date":"2011-02-27T07:36:57","date_gmt":"2011-02-27T07:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2011\/02\/27\/first-solar-un-exemple-decomplexe-de-lindustrie-des-modules-photovoltaiques\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T12:27:10","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T12:27:10","slug":"first-solar-un-exemple-decomplexe-de-lindustrie-des-modules-photovoltaiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2011\/02\/27\/first-solar-un-exemple-decomplexe-de-lindustrie-des-modules-photovoltaiques\/","title":{"rendered":"First Solar un exemple d\u00e9complex\u00e9 de l&rsquo;industrie des modules photovolta\u00efques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#160;First Solar est le plus grand producteur am\u00e9ricain de modules photovolta\u00efques et le premier producteur mondial de ces modules en technologie couche mince (Cd-Te). Il fait partie du TOP 5 mondial dans la profession avec trois chinois (JA Solar, Suntech et Yingli) et un japonais (Sharp). Cette industrie de composant repose sur un certain nombre de caract\u00e9ristiques bien particuli\u00e8res:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Elle d\u00e9pend de subventions d&#039;\u00c9tats ou de tarifs sp\u00e9ciaux d&#039;achat de l&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite,<\/p>\n<p>-Elle met en \u0153uvre des technologies tr\u00e8s diverses, loin d&#039;\u00eatre fig\u00e9es, c&#039;est une industrie jeune et innovante,<\/p>\n<p>-En raison des deux premi\u00e8res caract\u00e9ristiques elle comprend encore de multiples acteurs, une centaine ou plus,&#8230;dont au mieux un sur cinq survivra encore dans une grosse d\u00e9cennie.<\/p>\n<p>Mais comme toute industrie de composant, pour survivre il faut \u00eatre parmi les plus gros (Tier One) ce qui implique d&#039;investir massivement dans la technologie, la capacit\u00e9 de production des usines et les gains de productivit\u00e9. Les trois axes de progr\u00e8s sont li\u00e9s au travers de courbes d&#039;exp\u00e9rience.<\/p>\n<p>L&#039;exemple de First Solar illustre cette strat\u00e9gie. Il dispose d&#039;une technologie en couche mince qu&#039;il ma\u00eetrise bien et dont il essaie d&#039;am\u00e9liorer les performances de fa\u00e7on continue. Il a atteint par exemple un <span style=\"color: #0000bf\"><strong>taux de conversion de 11,6% <\/strong><\/span>au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2010. C&#039;est le point faible de la technologie qu&#039;il compense par les co\u00fbts.<\/p>\n<p>Les investissements en capacit\u00e9 de production reposent sur deux axes: l&#039;am\u00e9lioration des cadences des lignes qui sont pass\u00e9es de 25MW\/an \u00e0 62,6 MW\/an en cinq ans et la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux sites de production (FIG.I)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/6a00d83451b18369e2014e5f80a926970c-pi.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"FirstSolar-capacit\u00e9-2005-2012\" class=\"asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d83451b18369e2014e5f80a926970c\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/6a00d83451b18369e2014e5f80a926970c-450wi.jpg\" style=\"width: 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#160;En 2010 First Solar disposait de 24 lignes de production dans le monde, \u00e0 fin 2011 il en fera produire 36 et \u00e0 fin 2012 il devrait pouvoir disposer de 10 lignes de production suppl\u00e9mentaires dont 4 aux USA, 4 au Vietnam et peut-\u00eatre deux en France si EDF EN maintient ses projets d&#039;investissements en Gironde malgr\u00e9 la toute r\u00e9cente limitation globale gouvernementale des installations photovolta\u00efques \u00e0 500 MW par an. Par la r\u00e9partition des investissements entre pays \u00e0 faible taux de main d&#039;\u0153uvre (Malaisie, Vietnam) et pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s (Allemagne, \u00c9tats-Unis) First Solar essaie de m\u00e9nager un mix politico-industriel optimal.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;Les volumes de production en croissance permettent d&#039;atteindre<span style=\"color: #0000bf\"><strong> un co\u00fbt industriel des modules ramen\u00e9 au Watt de 75 cents \u00e0 fin 2010<\/strong><\/span>, venant de 84 cents \u00e0 fin 2009, pour une production cumul\u00e9e de plus de 3 GW. Cette progression (FIG.II) se traduit par une courbe d&#039;exp\u00e9rience entre le log du co\u00fbt et la production cumul\u00e9e typique des industries de composants.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/6a00d83451b18369e2014e5f80c1f6970c-pi.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"FirstSolar trimestriels\" class=\"asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d83451b18369e2014e5f80c1f6970c\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/6a00d83451b18369e2014e5f80c1f6970c-450wi.jpg\" style=\"width: 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#160;Le succ\u00e8s \u00e9conomique de First Solar est donc li\u00e9 \u00e0 cette politique agressive d&#039;investissements soutenus et de d\u00e9veloppement. Il est aussi li\u00e9 au fait que ce Groupe s&#039;est int\u00e9gr\u00e9 vers l&#039;aval en devenant promoteur de fermes photovolta\u00efques dans le monde et plus particuli\u00e8rement en Am\u00e9rique du Nord. Cette double casquette de donneur d&#039;ordre et de fournisseur lui permet de saturer ses usines et de maintenir ainsi ses prix de ventes, malgr\u00e8 une concurrence chinoise tr\u00e8s agressive.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;Le seul point faible repose sur une technologie limit\u00e9e en taux de conversion qui va plafonner vers les 12%. Les technologies en couches minces de types CIGS qui pourront atteindre des rendements proches de ceux du Silicium cristallin, seront probablement un jour ses concurrentes les plus dangereuses.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9ODMyMzh8Q2hpbGRJRD0tMXxUeXBlPTM=&amp;t=1\" target=\"_blank\">CONSULTER<\/a> la pr\u00e9sentation du T4 2010 de First Solar.<\/p>\n<p>Le 27 F\u00e9vrier 2011<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160;First Solar est le plus grand producteur am\u00e9ricain de modules photovolta\u00efques et le premier producteur mondial de ces modules en technologie couche mince (Cd-Te). Il fait partie du TOP 5 mondial dans la profession avec trois chinois (JA Solar, Suntech et Yingli) et un japonais (Sharp). Cette industrie de composant repose sur un certain nombre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":22563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solaire"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>First Solar un exemple d\u00e9complex\u00e9 de l&#039;industrie des modules photovolta\u00efques - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2011\/02\/27\/first-solar-un-exemple-decomplexe-de-lindustrie-des-modules-photovoltaiques\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"First Solar un exemple d\u00e9complex\u00e9 de l&#039;industrie des modules photovolta\u00efques - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"&#160;First Solar est le plus grand producteur am\u00e9ricain de modules photovolta\u00efques et le premier producteur mondial de ces modules en technologie couche mince (Cd-Te). 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