{"id":2141,"date":"2008-08-04T12:04:58","date_gmt":"2008-08-04T12:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T10:51:32","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T10:51:32","slug":"biocarburants-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l&rsquo;hectare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais12.jpg\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/clabedan.typepad.com\/photos\/uncategorized\/2008\/08\/04\/mais1_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"199\" alt=\"Mais1_2\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg\" width=\"150\"  \/><\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.4em\">L<\/span><\/strong>a r\u00e9ussite industrielle des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration n\u00e9cessitera trois conditions essentielles: 1-des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s simples et peu polluants, \u00e0 la taille d&rsquo;une exploitation agricole, 2- des ressources concentr\u00e9es sur une surface r\u00e9duite de territoire (quelques km2) et 3- une rentabilit\u00e9 acceptable. Seules quelques grandes unit\u00e9s seront op\u00e9r\u00e9es par l&rsquo;industrie du bois qui dispose des infrastructures et des moyens logistiques pour approvisionner une usine importante, mais l&rsquo;essentiel proviendra de petites unit\u00e9s agricoles ou urbaines, dispers\u00e9es sur le territoire. Pour satisfaire aux conditions de concentration et de rentabilit\u00e9, l&rsquo;industrie des semences veut d\u00e9velopper des plants (sorgho, switchgrass, miscanthus&#8230;) \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide des outils de la biotechnologie, qui permettront d&rsquo;atteindre des r\u00e9coltes annuelles de 50 tonnes de biomasse par an et par hectare. C&rsquo;est le cas de l&rsquo;am\u00e9ricain Ceres qui travaille activement \u00e0 la s\u00e9lection de g\u00e8nes qui multiplient le nombre de cellules des plantes et oriente les productions vers plus de parois de cellules faites de cellulose, d&rsquo;h\u00e9micellulose et de lignine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Sur la base de rendements de productions de 100 gallons d&rsquo;\u00e9thanol (380 litres) par tonne de biomasse que devraient atteindre les usines de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration les plus performantes et pour un prix de commercialisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol de 2$\/gallon (0,34 euros\/litre), une usine produisant 10 mille barils par jour d&rsquo;\u00e9thanol consommera 1,5 millions de tonnes de biomasse par an (4200 tonnes\/jour) approvisionn\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de 30000 hectares de plantations, pour un chiffre d&rsquo;affaire annuel de 200 millions d&rsquo;euros. Telle est l&rsquo;\u00e9quation spatiale et \u00e9conomique pos\u00e9e. Bien s\u00fbr il sera imp\u00e9ratif, pour sa p\u00e9rennit\u00e9, qu&rsquo;une telle activit\u00e9 ne soit pas subventionn\u00e9e. Un prix de la biomasse livr\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;usine \u00e0 40 euros la tonne (2000 euros\/hectare) serait acceptable.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Ces chiffres montrent qu&rsquo;une usine bas\u00e9e sur des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s complexes de type Ficher-Tropsch suivis d&rsquo;hydrocraking catalytique (proc\u00e9d\u00e9 Choren-Shell en Allemagne) ne peuvent pas \u00eatre viables pour des unit\u00e9s de tailles moyennes ou petites. Elles seront donc peu nombreuses et les productions seront marginales. Par contre de petites usines agricoles de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pourraient peu \u00e0 peu supplanter et remplacer les productions actuelles \u00e0 base de ma\u00efs. <\/p>\n<p>Le 4 Ao\u00fbt 2008.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; La r\u00e9ussite industrielle des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration n\u00e9cessitera trois conditions essentielles: 1-des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s simples et peu polluants, \u00e0 la taille d&rsquo;une exploitation agricole, 2- des ressources concentr\u00e9es sur une surface r\u00e9duite de territoire (quelques km2) et 3- une rentabilit\u00e9 acceptable. Seules quelques grandes unit\u00e9s seront op\u00e9r\u00e9es [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":9758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bio-carburants"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l&#039;hectare - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l&#039;hectare - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; La r\u00e9ussite industrielle des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration n\u00e9cessitera trois conditions essentielles: 1-des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s simples et peu polluants, \u00e0 la taille d&rsquo;une exploitation agricole, 2- des ressources concentr\u00e9es sur une surface r\u00e9duite de territoire (quelques km2) et 3- une rentabilit\u00e9 acceptable. Seules quelques grandes unit\u00e9s seront op\u00e9r\u00e9es [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raymond Bonnaterre\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/\",\"name\":\"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l'hectare - leblogenergie.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2008-08-04T12:04:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-07-12T10:51:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/debca67b8b93370360bdbd19ceb00794\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg\",\"width\":\"150\",\"height\":\"199\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l&rsquo;hectare\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/\",\"name\":\"leblogenergie\",\"description\":\"Just another The Social Media Group Network site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/debca67b8b93370360bdbd19ceb00794\",\"name\":\"Raymond Bonnaterre\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4c04f9e9aab7489452c52f805e42fbd3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4c04f9e9aab7489452c52f805e42fbd3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Raymond Bonnaterre\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/author\/raymond-bonnaterre\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l'hectare - leblogenergie.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l'hectare - leblogenergie.com","twitter_description":"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; La r\u00e9ussite industrielle des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration n\u00e9cessitera trois conditions essentielles: 1-des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s simples et peu polluants, \u00e0 la taille d&rsquo;une exploitation agricole, 2- des ressources concentr\u00e9es sur une surface r\u00e9duite de territoire (quelques km2) et 3- une rentabilit\u00e9 acceptable. Seules quelques grandes unit\u00e9s seront op\u00e9r\u00e9es [&hellip;]","twitter_image":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Raymond Bonnaterre","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/","name":"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l'hectare - leblogenergie.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg","datePublished":"2008-08-04T12:04:58+00:00","dateModified":"2012-07-12T10:51:32+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/debca67b8b93370360bdbd19ceb00794"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/mais1_21.jpg","width":"150","height":"199"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/08\/04\/biocarburants-a\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Biocarburants am\u00e9ricains: objectif 50 tonnes de lignocellulose \u00e0 l&rsquo;hectare"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/","name":"leblogenergie","description":"Just another The Social Media Group Network site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/debca67b8b93370360bdbd19ceb00794","name":"Raymond Bonnaterre","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4c04f9e9aab7489452c52f805e42fbd3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4c04f9e9aab7489452c52f805e42fbd3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Raymond Bonnaterre"},"url":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/author\/raymond-bonnaterre\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/341"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2141"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17516,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2141\/revisions\/17516"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}