{"id":2932,"date":"2008-03-07T10:22:57","date_gmt":"2008-03-07T10:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/03\/07\/biocarburants-l\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T10:28:39","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T10:28:39","slug":"biocarburants-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/03\/07\/biocarburants-l\/","title":{"rendered":"Biocarburants: les Pays-Bas contestent la pertinence des objectifs europ\u00e9ens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/moulin6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"112\" alt=\"Moulin\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/moulin2.jpg\" width=\"150\"  \/><\/a> &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.4em\">L<\/span><\/strong>&lsquo;agence de l&rsquo;environnement hollandaise le &quot;Milieu en Natuur Planbureau&quot; (NMP) vient d&rsquo;adresser au Parlement Europ\u00e9en une \u00e9tude qui conteste le bien fond\u00e9 de l&rsquo;obligation des 10% de biocarburants \u00e0 l&rsquo;horizon 2020 \u00e9tabli par la Commission. Ce rapport avance les arguments suivants pour contester cette mesure:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La pression sur les surfaces cultivables : l&rsquo;atteinte de cet objectif repr\u00e9sente 35 millions de tonnes de biocarburants qui n\u00e9cessiteraient la mobilisation de 20 \u00e0 30 millions d&rsquo;hectares. Pour lib\u00e9rer de telles surfaces il faudrait lib\u00e9raliser la politique agricole et remplacer des productions locales par des importations. Cette pression existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux USA et elle va se poursuivre. Il faudra donc en 2020 importer une partie des biocarburants ou des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res pour les synth\u00e9tiser.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;objectif de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre ne sera pas n\u00e9cessairement respect\u00e9 par les pratiques agricoles. Par exemple, en raison de l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un exc\u00e8s d&rsquo;engrais.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;impact sur la bio diversit\u00e9 serait important.<\/li>\n<li>La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire serait fragilis\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li>Les fili\u00e8res de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de biocarburants ne seront pas totalement op\u00e9rationnelles en 2020 et elles n\u00e9cessiteront elles aussi des surfaces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; On le voit, la publication de r\u00e8gles contraignantes sur des objectifs trop pr\u00e9cis conduit \u00e0 la remise en cause de ces contraintes. La r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO2 par les voitures peut provenir de la r\u00e9duction de la consommation (masse, puissance, cylindr\u00e9e, rendement, hybridation, \u00e9lectrification, pneumatiques, etc.), de la r\u00e9duction des kilom\u00e9trages individuels parcourus (transports en commun, p\u00e9ages, taxes) et de la nature des carburants (biocarburants). C&rsquo;est ce mix complexe qui devrait faire l&rsquo;objet de r\u00e9gulations et qui permettra d&rsquo;atteindre les objectifs de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO2 en tenant compte d&rsquo;un optimum \u00e9conomique. Les biocarburants ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 trouv\u00e9 leur limite: leur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leblogenergie.com\/2008\/03\/les-cours-de-lh.html\">production n&rsquo;est plus rentable<\/a>, malgr\u00e9 les <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leblogenergie.com\/2008\/02\/la-filire-fuel.html\">subventions<\/a> et nul n&rsquo;est capable d&rsquo;exiger d&rsquo;un paysan qu&rsquo;il produise \u00e0 perte.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Peut-\u00eatre vaudrait-il mieux r\u00e9diger des cahiers des charges adress\u00e9s aux constructeurs automobiles qui pour atteindre certains objectifs globaux de leur gamme de produit, choisiraient leurs propres solutions qui ne seraient pas forc\u00e9ment 10% de biocarburant en 2020. Et puis, on pourrait ainsi englober les constructeurs de bus et de camions qui sont bien oubli\u00e9s. L&rsquo;hybridation d&rsquo;un bus en ville r\u00e9duirait sa consommation en gazole ou en gaz naturel de pr\u00e8s de 40%. <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Il reste aux Etats une arme supr\u00eame : les taxes positives ou n\u00e9gatives aux \u00e9missions de CO2 qui peuvent compl\u00e8tement <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leblogenergie.com\/2008\/02\/achats-de-4x4-u.html\">r\u00e9orienter les choix<\/a> de type de v\u00e9hicule de la grande majorit\u00e9 des consommateurs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Voir le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mnp.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/500143001.pdf\">Rapport du NMP<\/a> (en anglais)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; L&lsquo;agence de l&rsquo;environnement hollandaise le &quot;Milieu en Natuur Planbureau&quot; (NMP) vient d&rsquo;adresser au Parlement Europ\u00e9en une \u00e9tude qui conteste le bien fond\u00e9 de l&rsquo;obligation des 10% de biocarburants \u00e0 l&rsquo;horizon 2020 \u00e9tabli par la Commission. Ce rapport avance les arguments suivants pour contester cette mesure: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":7980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bio-carburants"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Biocarburants: les Pays-Bas contestent la pertinence des objectifs europ\u00e9ens - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2008\/03\/07\/biocarburants-l\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Biocarburants: les Pays-Bas contestent la pertinence des objectifs europ\u00e9ens - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; L&lsquo;agence de l&rsquo;environnement hollandaise le &quot;Milieu en Natuur Planbureau&quot; (NMP) vient d&rsquo;adresser au Parlement Europ\u00e9en une \u00e9tude qui conteste le bien fond\u00e9 de l&rsquo;obligation des 10% de biocarburants \u00e0 l&rsquo;horizon 2020 \u00e9tabli par la Commission. 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&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; L&lsquo;agence de l&rsquo;environnement hollandaise le &quot;Milieu en Natuur Planbureau&quot; (NMP) vient d&rsquo;adresser au Parlement Europ\u00e9en une \u00e9tude qui conteste le bien fond\u00e9 de l&rsquo;obligation des 10% de biocarburants \u00e0 l&rsquo;horizon 2020 \u00e9tabli par la Commission. 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