{"id":3453,"date":"2007-11-29T09:35:54","date_gmt":"2007-11-29T09:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/29\/gaz-ou-charbon\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T10:11:59","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T10:11:59","slug":"gaz-ou-charbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/29\/gaz-ou-charbon\/","title":{"rendered":"Production d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9: arbitrage entre gaz ou charbon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/richards_bay_southafrica4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"110\" alt=\"Richards_bay_southafrica\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/richards_bay_southafrica.jpg\" width=\"150\"  \/><\/a> &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 1.4em\">D<\/span>e nombreuses centrales \u00e9lectriques thermiques sont con\u00e7ues pour pouvoir utiliser plusieurs types de source primaire d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie telles que le gaz, le charbon ou le p\u00e9trole. Cette flexibilt\u00e9 permet \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9rateur, en fonction des prix des divers combustibles, de choisir celui qui lui apporte la meilleure marge. Compte tenu de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des cours du p\u00e9trole, cette charge n&rsquo;est&nbsp; plus dans la course. Il reste donc le choix entre gaz ou charbon. Pour calculer les marges avec l&rsquo;un ou l&rsquo;autre des deux combustibles, il faut bien s\u00fbr prendre en compte les rendements \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et les prix d&rsquo;achats, par la centrale \u00e9lectrique, de chacun des produits. Les cours du gaz sont tr\u00e8s fluctuants en fonction des saisons, des stocks, des humeurs des financiers. Les cours du charbon europ\u00e9ens p\u00e2tissent de la saturation des ports d&#8217;embarquement en Afrique du Sud ou en Australie et des prix d&rsquo;acheminement vers l&rsquo;Europe. Dans les pays ayant sign\u00e9 les accords de Kyoto, il faut aussi d\u00e9duire de la marge le prix des droits d&rsquo;\u00e9missions de CO2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Quel est l&rsquo;impact de ces droits d&rsquo;\u00e9missions sur le choix entre gaz ou charbon? <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Pour une centrale thermique classique les rejets de CO2 sont de 960 kg&nbsp; par MWh avec le charbon et de 411 kg par MWh avec le gaz. La diff\u00e9rence de marge entre gaz et charbon sera donc en d\u00e9faveur du charbon de (0,549 x Prix de la Tonne de CO2).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Prenons l&rsquo;exemple d&rsquo;une centrale thermique anglaise:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Elle va acheter du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leblogenergie.com\/2007\/11\/le-charbon-hors.html\">charbon \u00e0 100$\/Tonne<\/a> qui co\u00fbtera par MWh&nbsp; 25 euros.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Ou bien elle va acheter du gaz de la Mer du Nord \u00e0 200 euros\/Tonne (7$\/MMBTU) qui co\u00fbtera dans le MWh 30 euros.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Sans les accords de Kyoto, la centrale fonctionnerait donc au charbon. Mais si l&rsquo;on introduit les droits d&rsquo;\u00e9missions de CO2 \u00e0 22 euros\/Tonne soit 0.549&#215;22= 12 euros\/MWh qui vont p\u00e9naliser le charbon, alors la centrale fonctionne&nbsp; au gaz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Cet exemple montre que les cours du charbon \u00e9lev\u00e9s actuels et les droits d&rsquo;\u00e9missions de CO2 rendent <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leblogenergie.com\/2007\/11\/le-royaume-uni-.html\">l&rsquo;utilisation du gaz&nbsp; en Europe<\/a> plus rentable dans une centrale thermique classique. Aux USA o\u00f9 les prix du charbon sont pr\u00e8s de deux fois moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s et les accords de Kyoto ne s&rsquo;appliquent pas, le charbon est le combustible de choix.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; De nombreuses centrales \u00e9lectriques thermiques sont con\u00e7ues pour pouvoir utiliser plusieurs types de source primaire d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie telles que le gaz, le charbon ou le p\u00e9trole. Cette flexibilt\u00e9 permet \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9rateur, en fonction des prix des divers combustibles, de choisir celui qui lui apporte la meilleure marge. Compte [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":6910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rechauffement-climatique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Production d&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9: arbitrage entre gaz ou charbon - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/29\/gaz-ou-charbon\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Production d&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9: arbitrage entre gaz ou charbon - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; De nombreuses centrales \u00e9lectriques thermiques sont con\u00e7ues pour pouvoir utiliser plusieurs types de source primaire d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie telles que le gaz, le charbon ou le p\u00e9trole. Cette flexibilt\u00e9 permet \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9rateur, en fonction des prix des divers combustibles, de choisir celui qui lui apporte la meilleure marge. 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