{"id":3521,"date":"2007-11-17T16:04:23","date_gmt":"2007-11-17T16:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T10:09:56","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T10:09:56","slug":"du-bois-lthanol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Du bois \u00e0 l’\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>\"Celu_2\"<\/a>                      L<\/span>es Am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9couvrent les limites <\/a>et les nuisances du tout \u00e9thanol produit \u00e0 partir de grains de ma\u00efs. Accroissement des co\u00fbts du ma\u00efs, r\u00e9duction des prix de l’\u00e9thanol<\/a>, probl\u00e8mes de logistique, etc. Pour l’instant, sous l’impulsion de leur Pr\u00e9sident, ils restent fid\u00e8les \u00e0 l’\u00e9thanol mais voudraient soit utiliser toute la plante de ma\u00efs, soit utiliser toutes sortes de bois secs pour faire de l’\u00e9thanol. Le Department of Energy (DOE) a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de financer, pour 385 millions de dollars, plusieurs projets qui permettraient de d\u00e9marrer quelques unit\u00e9s de d\u00e9monstration industrielle des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s. Deux voies sont envisageables: les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s chimiques ou les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s enzymatiques.  <\/p>\n

                     Nous allons examiner quelques exemples et les comparer au proc\u00e9d\u00e9 chimique qui conduit \u00e0 du gasoil.<\/p>\n

                       Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s chimiques<\/a> reposent sur la transformation du bois sec en "syngas" constitu\u00e9 d’un m\u00e9lange de CO et de H2; puis par un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 catalytique de transformer ces gas en produits liquides ou solides. Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 le plus \u00e9labor\u00e9 est celui de CHOREN en Allemagne<\/u> qui conduit \u00e0 un excellent gasoil. Il comprend de mutiples \u00e9tapes d’\u00e9laboration du syngas, puis une polym\u00e9risation catalytique (proc\u00e9d\u00e9 Shell) qui produit des cires, ces produits par reforming catalytique sont ensuite transform\u00e9s en gasoil. Choren dispose d’un pilote industriel. C’est un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 complexe. Aux USA, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9  RANGE FUELS<\/u> construit une usine en G\u00e9orgie pour produire un m\u00e9lange d’alcools obtenu par proc\u00e9d\u00e9 catalytique \u00e0 partir du syngas. Son objectif est de produire \u00e0 partir de 2009, 20 millions de gallons d’alcool par an.Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 semble \u00eatre bien plus simple que le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, mais il conduit \u00e0 un m\u00e9lange et les rendements doivent \u00eatre bien plus faibles.<\/p>\n

                       Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s enzymatiques se distinguent en particulier par les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de pr\u00e9traitement du bois pour en extraire la cellulose. LIGNOL<\/u> r\u00e9alise une extraction de la cellulose du bois par solvant et valorise la lignine r\u00e9siduelle, IOGEN<\/u> r\u00e9alise une explosion \u00e0 la vapeur sous haute pression des cellules de bois pour  extraire la cellulose, il obtient ainsi un tr\u00e8s bon rendement de 340 kg d’\u00e9thanol par tonne de bois sec, POET<\/u> n’est pas tr\u00e8s explicite sur son proc\u00e9d\u00e9, mais comme il est devenu le plus grand producteur de fuel-\u00e9thanol des USA, il veut d\u00e9velopper un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 pour utiliser tout le ma\u00efs: les grains, la tige et les rafles. Son objectif est de produire 25% d’\u00e9thanol d’origine cellulosique dans une de ses usines.<\/p>\n

                     Enfin il faut rappeler l’association BP-DuPont<\/u> qui veulent d\u00e9velopper un pilote de d\u00e9monstration qui produirait de butanol<\/a> moins toxique et ne pr\u00e9sentant pas de probl\u00e8me de d\u00e9mixion avec l’essence en pr\u00e9sence d’eau. Leur r\u00e9ussite ferait faire un grand pas aux biocarburants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Les Am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9couvrent les limites et les nuisances du tout \u00e9thanol produit \u00e0 partir de grains de ma\u00efs. Accroissement des co\u00fbts du ma\u00efs, r\u00e9duction des prix de l’\u00e9thanol, probl\u00e8mes de logistique, etc. Pour l’instant, sous l’impulsion de leur Pr\u00e9sident, ils restent fid\u00e8les \u00e0 l’\u00e9thanol mais voudraient soit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":6768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bio-carburants"],"yoast_head":"\nDu bois \u00e0 l'\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Du bois \u00e0 l'\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"                      Les Am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9couvrent les limites et les nuisances du tout \u00e9thanol produit \u00e0 partir de grains de ma\u00efs. Accroissement des co\u00fbts du ma\u00efs, r\u00e9duction des prix de l’\u00e9thanol, probl\u00e8mes de logistique, etc. Pour l’instant, sous l’impulsion de leur Pr\u00e9sident, ils restent fid\u00e8les \u00e0 l’\u00e9thanol mais voudraient soit […]\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/celu_2.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raymond Bonnaterre\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/\",\"name\":\"Du bois \u00e0 l'\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue - leblogenergie.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/celu_2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2007-11-17T16:04:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-07-12T10:09:56+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/debca67b8b93370360bdbd19ceb00794\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/celu_2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/celu_2.jpg\",\"width\":\"150\",\"height\":\"338\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Du bois \u00e0 l’\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/\",\"name\":\"leblogenergie\",\"description\":\"Just another The Social Media Group Network site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/debca67b8b93370360bdbd19ceb00794\",\"name\":\"Raymond Bonnaterre\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4c04f9e9aab7489452c52f805e42fbd3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4c04f9e9aab7489452c52f805e42fbd3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Raymond Bonnaterre\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/author\/raymond-bonnaterre\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Du bois \u00e0 l'\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue - leblogenergie.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/17\/du-bois-lthanol\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Du bois \u00e0 l'\u00e9thanol, une activit\u00e9 soutenue - leblogenergie.com","twitter_description":"                      Les Am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9couvrent les limites et les nuisances du tout \u00e9thanol produit \u00e0 partir de grains de ma\u00efs. 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