{"id":3577,"date":"2007-11-07T19:03:29","date_gmt":"2007-11-07T19:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/07\/en-cours-1\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T10:08:14","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T10:08:14","slug":"en-cours-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/07\/en-cours-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Emissions de CO2, l’industrie US attend la r\u00e9glementation"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Iea_logo1\"<\/a>                 L<\/span>‘Agence Internationale de l’Energie, le rapport Exxon Energy Outlook <\/a>de 2007, toutes les \u00e9tudes s\u00e9rieuses disent que le seul moyen de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2, \u00e0 moyen terme, sera de faire des centrales \u00e9lectriques soit de type \u00e9lectronucl\u00e9aires, soit au gaz ou au charbon, mais \u00e9quip\u00e9es de moyens de capture <\/a>et s\u00e9questration du CO2 (CCS). Plus t\u00f4t ce changement de cap sera amorc\u00e9 et moins les perturbations climatiques seront importantes.<\/p>\n

                 Le retour \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e9lectronucl\u00e9aire est lanc\u00e9, la rentabilit\u00e9 du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 est d\u00e9montr\u00e9e, m\u00eame avec des augmentations importantes des prix de l’oxyde d’Uranium. Mais, le changement vers le CCS ne se fera que si des incitations financi\u00e8res sont mises en place par les gouvernements. Incitations n\u00e9gatives sous forme de taxes ou positives sous forme de droits d’\u00e9missions.<\/p>\n

              Pourquoi les centrales dites "\u00e0 charbon propre" destin\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre coupl\u00e9es au CCS mettent-elles tant de temps \u00e0 voir le jour, en particulier aux USA.<\/p>\n

                Les centrales \u00e9lectriques dites "\u00e0 charbon propre" sont tout d’abord des centrales \u00e0 "cycle combin\u00e9" qui disposent  de deux moyens de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de courant. Le premier est une turbine actionn\u00e9e par la combustion de gaz, l’autre est actionn\u00e9e par la vapeur produite \u00e0 partir des gaz tr\u00e8s chauds d’\u00e9chappement de la premi\u00e8re. Le remplacement du gaz par le charbon n\u00e9cessite de transformer pr\u00e9alablement le charbon en gaz d\u00e9pollu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

                 Ces proc\u00e9d\u00e9s outre d’excellents rendements (55% \u00e0 59%) pr\u00e9sentent l’int\u00e9r\u00eat potentiel de pouvoir \u00eatre associ\u00e9s \u00e0 un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de capture et s\u00e9questration de CO2 (CCS). On devrait donc voir foisonner le projets. Or, il n’en est rien, bien au contraire. Un exemple, Hunton Energy avait envisag\u00e9 de construire \u00e0 Houston une centrale de 1200MW bas\u00e9e sur la technologie IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) \u00e0 partir de coke de p\u00e9trole provenant de raffineries environnantes. Il vient d’annuler cette d\u00e9cision en raison des incertitudes am\u00e9ricaines sur les taxes concernant les \u00e9missions de CO2 et de l’absence de droits d’\u00e9missions qui devraient inciter les industriels \u00e0 innover.<\/p>\n

                On le voit, la mont\u00e9e des cours du p\u00e9trole, du gaz et du charbon rendra tr\u00e8s difficile l’instauration de taxes suppl\u00e9mentaires sur les \u00e9missions de CO2. Quel homme politique viendra expliquer aux marins p\u00eacheurs bretons que l’augmentation du gasoil va se poursuivre parce que leurs b\u00e2teaux polluent en \u00e9mettant du CO2. Nul n’a pos\u00e9 une telle question au "Grenelle de l’Environnement", mais beaucoup ont du y penser. Le courage politique a ses limites. Par contre une gestion dynamique des volumes et des octrois de droits d’\u00e9missions, qui leur permettrait d’atteindre des cours de 30 \u00e0 50 euros la tonne de CO2, inciterait les industriels \u00e0 se lancer dans la construction de centrales \u00e9lectriques innovantes, \u00e0 condition de pouvoir amortir les surco\u00fbts d’investissement , par la vente des droits d’\u00e9mission sur le march\u00e9. La surconsommation d’\u00e9nergie due au CCS serait int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans les prix de vente de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                L‘Agence Internationale de l’Energie, le rapport Exxon Energy Outlook de 2007, toutes les \u00e9tudes s\u00e9rieuses disent que le seul moyen de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2, \u00e0 moyen terme, sera de faire des centrales \u00e9lectriques soit de type \u00e9lectronucl\u00e9aires, soit au gaz ou au charbon, mais \u00e9quip\u00e9es de moyens […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":6647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[593],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution"],"yoast_head":"\nEmissions de CO2, l'industrie US attend la r\u00e9glementation - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/11\/07\/en-cours-1\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Emissions de CO2, l'industrie US attend la r\u00e9glementation - 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