{"id":3656,"date":"2007-10-21T06:35:13","date_gmt":"2007-10-21T06:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/10\/21\/principe-de-prc\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T10:05:33","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T10:05:33","slug":"principe-de-prc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/10\/21\/principe-de-prc\/","title":{"rendered":"Principe de pr\u00e9caution ou de pr\u00e9vention?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Braque1907\"<\/a> <\/span>P<\/span>our une nouvelle r\u00e9daction de l\u2019article 5 de la Charte de l\u2019Environnement. <\/p>\n

Que dit cet article si vilipend\u00e9 qu\u2019il faut lire, parce que bref ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Article 5. – Lorsque la r\u00e9alisation d’un dommage, bien qu’incertaine en l’\u00e9tat des connaissances scientifiques, pourrait affecter de mani\u00e8re grave et irr\u00e9versible l’environnement, les autorit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> publiques<\/span> veillent, par application du principe de pr\u00e9caution <\/span>et dans leurs domaines d’attributions, \u00e0 la mise en oeuvre de proc\u00e9dures d’\u00e9valuation<\/span> des risques et \u00e0 l’adoption de mesures provisoires et proportionn\u00e9es<\/span> afin de parer \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation du dommage.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Une r\u00e9flexion sur ce th\u00e8me et quelques exemples ne peuvent que faire avancer le d\u00e9bat.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je vois, personnellement quatre d\u00e9fauts majeurs \u00e0 ce texte.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1)      <\/span><\/span><\/span>Il n\u2019implique que les autorit\u00e9s publiques. Le secteur priv\u00e9, le Marketing, les concepteurs,  <\/span>les fabricants, les responsables Qualit\u00e9 n\u2019ont pas d\u2019avis, ni de r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer. Bizarre! Seuls les fonctionnaires ont les qualit\u00e9s requises, le citoyen \u00e9clair\u00e9 est exclu.<\/p>\n

2)      <\/span><\/span><\/span>Il invoque un nouveau concept \u00ab le principe de pr\u00e9caution \u00bb non d\u00e9fini, brumeux, ouvert \u00e0 toutes les interpr\u00e9tations possibles, par une jurisprudence impr\u00e9visible et fantasque.<\/p>\n

3)      <\/span><\/span><\/span>Il propose des \u00ab proc\u00e9dures d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00bb. Elles arrivent quand ces \u00e9valuations?<\/p>\n

\u00b7        <\/span><\/span><\/span>Durant les phases de recherches fondamentales et appliqu\u00e9es?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7        <\/span><\/span><\/span>Pendant le d\u00e9veloppement (\u00e9laboration des cahiers des charges ou sp\u00e9cifications, \u00e9tapes de faisabilit\u00e9, choix des produits, des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, r\u00e9alisations d\u2019\u00e9chantillons ou de pilotes)?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7        <\/span><\/span><\/span>En cours d\u2019industrialisation? <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00b7        <\/span><\/span><\/span>Apr\u00e8s le lancement commercial<\/strong>? Mais oui, bien s\u00fbr. Catastrophe! Trop tard.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4)      <\/span><\/span><\/span>Il introduit des \u00ab mesures \u00bb on ne sait de quoi, Dieu soit lou\u00e9 \u00ab provisoires et proportionn\u00e9es \u00bb !<\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Je propose la r\u00e9daction alternative suivante bas\u00e9e sur la pr\u00e9vention<\/u><\/strong> et sur le fait que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 100% ne peut pas exister<\/strong>.<\/u> Deux \u00e9vidences pour celui qui a fait un peu de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Article 5 "r\u00e9vis\u00e9". – Lorsque la r\u00e9alisation d’un dommage, bien qu’incertaine en l’\u00e9tat des connaissances scientifiques, pourrait affecter de mani\u00e8re grave et irr\u00e9versible l’environnement, les <\/span><\/em>acteurs \u00e9conomiques et<\/span><\/span> <\/span>les <\/em><\/span>autorit\u00e9s publiques veillent, dans leurs domaines d’attributions respectifs<\/span>, \u00e0 la mise en oeuvre de proc\u00e9dures m\u00e9thodologiques de pr\u00e9vention, en vue de l\u2019obtention d\u2019une r\u00e9duction sensible des risques,<\/span> afin de parer \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation du dommage. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ainsi le r\u00f4le des acteurs \u00e9conomiques et industriels est reconnu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Le \u00ab Principe \u00bb fumeux n\u2019est plus.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est d\u00e8s le d\u00e9veloppement, au niveau des sp\u00e9cifications de produits ou de proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, que doit \u00eatre introduite une \u00ab proc\u00e9dure m\u00e9thodologique \u00bb de pr\u00e9vention des risques.<\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/span>Libres aux d\u00e9crets d\u2019applications de d\u00e9finir l\u2019esprit et la forme de ces proc\u00e9dures, de leur actualisation et de leur validation tout au long des phases de d\u00e9veloppement et d\u2019industrialisation qui peuvent durer plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Les acteurs industriels que sont le Marketing qui d\u00e9finit et l\u2019Assurance Qualit\u00e9 qui v\u00e9rifie y joueraient un r\u00f4le \u00e9minent. <\/span><\/p>\n

Je prendrai quelques exemples simples, pour illustrer cette proposition.<\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/span>Le d\u00e9veloppement des piles alcalines sans mercure a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019inhibiteurs de corrosion du Zinc par la recherche appliqu\u00e9e, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une sp\u00e9cification Marketing \u00ab sans Mercure \u00bb. Le Marketing connaissait la toxicit\u00e9 du mercure, savait que c\u2019\u00e9tait attendu par les clients et que ce serait un puissant argument de vente.<\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/span>La toxicit\u00e9 de l\u2019amiante \u00e9tait connue bien des ann\u00e9es avant son interdiction l\u00e9gale en 1997<\/strong>, en France. Il y avait m\u00eame des congr\u00e8s sur le sujet, auxquels participaient des fonctionnaires fran\u00e7ais dans les ann\u00e9es 70 (<\/span>INSERM 1979<\/span><\/a>). Les sp\u00e9cifications de nouveaux produits, de nouveaux immeubles ou de nouveaux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s auraient proscrit l\u2019amiante, 20 ans avant la loi, si des proc\u00e9dures pr\u00e9ventives ad hoc avaient exist\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/span>Aurait-on adopt\u00e9 la norme GSM de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie cellulaire et ses micro-ondes? <\/span><\/p>\n

            <\/span>Mettrait-on de l\u2019\u00e9thanol volatil et toxique (foie, f\u0153tus) dans l\u2019essence?<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pour une nouvelle r\u00e9daction de l\u2019article 5 de la Charte de l\u2019Environnement. Que dit cet article si vilipend\u00e9 qu\u2019il faut lire, parce que bref ? Article 5. – Lorsque la r\u00e9alisation d’un dommage, bien qu’incertaine en l’\u00e9tat des connaissances scientifiques, pourrait affecter de mani\u00e8re grave et irr\u00e9versible l’environnement, les autorit\u00e9s publiques veillent, par application du […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":6462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[593],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution"],"yoast_head":"\nPrincipe de pr\u00e9caution ou de pr\u00e9vention? - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2007\/10\/21\/principe-de-prc\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Principe de pr\u00e9caution ou de pr\u00e9vention? - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Pour une nouvelle r\u00e9daction de l\u2019article 5 de la Charte de l\u2019Environnement. 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