{"id":84,"date":"2011-10-11T08:22:39","date_gmt":"2011-10-11T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2011\/10\/11\/les-biocarburants-de-deuxieme-generation-passeront-par-des-plants-genetiquement-optimises\/"},"modified":"2012-07-12T12:36:30","modified_gmt":"2012-07-12T12:36:30","slug":"les-biocarburants-de-deuxieme-generation-passeront-par-des-plants-genetiquement-optimises","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2011\/10\/11\/les-biocarburants-de-deuxieme-generation-passeront-par-des-plants-genetiquement-optimises\/","title":{"rendered":"Les biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration passeront par des plants g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement optimis\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#160;Le d\u00e9veloppement des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, utilisant des ressources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales non utilis\u00e9es pour l&#039;alimentation des hommes, est pour l&#039;instant un \u00e9chec retentissant. Les autorit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines, financi\u00e8rement les plus impliqu\u00e9es dans cet objectif, d\u00e9couvrent que l&#039;innovation est difficilement planifiable. La raison fondamentale de cet \u00e9chec r\u00e9side dans le fait que le bio\u00e9thanol obtenu par ces nouveaux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s est hors de prix du march\u00e9 en raison des contraintes logistiques de collecte de la ressource v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, des investissements par m3 d&#039;alcool n\u00e9cessaires, des co\u00fbts des enzymes indispensables \u00e0 la saccharification, du tr\u00e8s faible degr\u00e9 d&#039;alcool dans les bi\u00e8res obtenues qui implique une trop forte d\u00e9pense d&#039;\u00e9nergie pour arriver \u00e0 l&#039;alcool pur. Assez paradoxalement seuls les producteurs de bio\u00e9thanol de premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, comme Poet, vont pouvoir inclure une part de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration dans leur process en raison d&#039;investissements marginaux et d&#039;obtention par m\u00e9lange de bi\u00e8res suffisamment concentr\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/6a00d83451b18369e2014e8c2c0448970d-pi.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Plants modifi\u00e9s Cg1\" class=\"asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d83451b18369e2014e8c2c0448970d\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/files\/2012\/07\/6a00d83451b18369e2014e8c2c0448970d-450wi.jpg\" style=\"width: 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#160;L&#039;obtention rentable de biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration va donc n\u00e9cessiter de d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles ressources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales plus riches en sucres ou en amidon qu&#039;il faudra cultiver sur les terres disponibles. Leur culture devra \u00eatre comp\u00e9titive par rapport \u00e0 celles du ma\u00efs, de la cane \u00e0 sucre ou du manioc qui aujourd&#039;hui constituent les ressources de base du bio\u00e9thanol industriel. Que la plante soit ressource alimentaire ou non n&#039;a que bien peu d&#039;importance, ce qui est essentiel est le rendement final d&#039;\u00e9thanol par hectare cultiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;La Science doit donc poursuivre ses recherches pour tenter de d\u00e9velopper la ressource v\u00e9g\u00e9tale id\u00e9ale qui pousserait sur des sols ingrats et conduirait \u00e0 des degr\u00e9s de bi\u00e8res \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Un exemple d&#039;optimisation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de divers plants (ma\u00efs, arabidopsis, brachypodium, switchgrass repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans la FIG.) par transfert et sur-expression d&#039;un g\u00e8ne Cg1 du ma\u00efs favorisant la formation d&#039;amidon dans la plante est exemplaire pour illustrer cette recherche qui peut-\u00eatre permettra de d\u00e9tr\u00f4ner un jour les plants de premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui eux aussi progressent.<\/p>\n<p>LIRE <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2011\/10\/04\/1113971108.full.pdf+html?sid=4ef5acac-4930-41e2-8e25-dad09493e8a5\" target=\"_blank\">un papier de George Chuck et col. sur ce sujet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Le 11 Octobre 2011<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160;Le d\u00e9veloppement des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, utilisant des ressources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales non utilis\u00e9es pour l&#039;alimentation des hommes, est pour l&#039;instant un \u00e9chec retentissant. Les autorit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines, financi\u00e8rement les plus impliqu\u00e9es dans cet objectif, d\u00e9couvrent que l&#039;innovation est difficilement planifiable. La raison fondamentale de cet \u00e9chec r\u00e9side dans le fait que le bio\u00e9thanol obtenu par ces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":23025,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bio-carburants"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration passeront par des plants g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement optimis\u00e9s - leblogenergie.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.thesocialmedia.com\/leblogenergie\/2011\/10\/11\/les-biocarburants-de-deuxieme-generation-passeront-par-des-plants-genetiquement-optimises\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Les biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration passeront par des plants g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement optimis\u00e9s - leblogenergie.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"&#160;Le d\u00e9veloppement des biocarburants de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, utilisant des ressources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales non utilis\u00e9es pour l&#039;alimentation des hommes, est pour l&#039;instant un \u00e9chec retentissant. 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